26th August 2025

Urinary Incontinence: Expert Corner with Mr. Girish Nama

Urinary incontinence is the involuntary loss of bladder control. It can range from occasional leaks during a sneeze or a laugh, to a sudden, urgent need to urinate that is difficult to manage. While common, particularly among women, it is not something anyone should have to accept as an inevitable part of ageing or motherhood.

In fact, 1 in 3 women will experience urinary incontinence at some point in their lives. Yet, despite how widespread the condition is, it often goes unspoken. Research shows that women wait an average of six years before seeking help, and only 10 to 20% pursue treatment.

There’s often a sense of embarrassment that prevents people from opening up about the condition. There is a societal discomfort around bladder issues, and that silence contributes to a sense of shame and isolation. There is also a common misconception that there are no effective treatments available. However, this is not the case as there is a range of proven therapies that can significantly improve or resolve symptoms.

Types of urinary incontinence

There are two main types of urinary incontinence:

Stress incontinence: caused by weakened pelvic floor muscles or a weakened urethral sphincter. Leakage occurs during activities such as coughing, sneezing, laughing, or exercising.
Urge incontinence: caused by an overactive bladder. It involves a sudden, intense urge to urinate, followed by an involuntary loss of urine.

Some people may experience both types simultaneously - this is referred to as mixed incontinence.

Causes of urinary incontinence

Urinary incontinence has a variety of potential causes:

In women, pregnancy, childbirth, and menopause are leading contributors. These can weaken or stretch the pelvic floor muscles and supportive tissues. Previous pelvic surgeries, such as a hysterectomy, also increase risk.
In men, prostate conditions, including enlarged prostate or treatments for prostate cancer, are common causes.
Neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis, spinal injuries, or stroke can interfere with the nerve signals between the brain and bladder

Other risk factors include:

Ageing
Obesity
Chronic constipation
Smoking
Family history of bladder issues

Treatment options for urinary incontinence

The first step is to speak with your GP, who can refer you to a urology or urogynaecology specialist for a detailed assessment. Treatment is individualised, depending on the type and cause of incontinence, and may include:

Lifestyle changes: such as weight loss, fluid timing, and avoiding caffeine and alcohol.
Pelvic floor physiotherapy: targeted exercises that can strengthen the muscles involved in bladder control.
Medications: especially for urge incontinence or overactive bladder.
Minimally invasive procedures or surgery: for more persistent or complex cases.

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A female patient in a doctor's clinic room.

Impact of urinary incontinence on mental health

The stigma surrounding incontinence does not only delay treatment, but it can also negatively impact your mental health. People living with incontinence often report low self-esteem, anxiety, and depression. The condition can affect relationships and overall quality of life.

There is also a profound emotional impact - feelings of embarrassment, loss of control, and a diminished sense of self. If you are struggling, it is crucial to know that you are not alone, and help is available for both the physical condition and its emotional effects.

Male urinary incontinence

Despite being commonly associated with women, urinary incontinence is a condition that also affects many men, particularly as they age. Prostate problems, whether from enlarged prostate or cancer treatment, are a leading cause. Yet many men remain silent, due to embarrassment or the belief that nothing can be done.

At Mater Private Network, we regularly support male patients with incontinence, offering discreet and effective treatment options tailored to each individual’s needs, helping restore both function and confidence.

Breaking the silence

Urinary incontinence is a medical condition, not a personal failing. And like any medical condition, it deserves attention, understanding, and compassionate care. When you visit one of the specialists at Mater Private Network, you will find a team ready to support you at both a physical and emotional level. If you or someone you care about is living with urinary incontinence, know that you are not alone, and help is within reach. Speaking to your GP is the first step toward taking control of your health, confidence, and quality of life.

The above content was reviewed by Mr. Girish Nama, Consultant Urologist at Mater Private Network in Cork.

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